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|
// ============================================================================
// lib/framebuffer.cpp - Early kernel framebuffer console
//
// Renders text directly to the linear framebuffer using a minimal
// built-in 8x16 bitmap font (PC VGA style, ASCII 32-126).
// ============================================================================
#include <kernel/kprint.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
namespace kcon {
// ── Character cell dimensions ──────────────────────────────────────────────
static constexpr uint32_t CHAR_W = 8; // Font glyph width in pixels
static constexpr uint32_t CHAR_H = 16; // Font glyph height in pixels
static constexpr uint32_t TAB_WIDTH = 4; // Tab stop width in character cells
// ── Colors (0x00RRGGBB) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
static constexpr uint32_t FG_COLOR = CONFIG_FBCON_FG_COLOR; // Light grey
static constexpr uint32_t BG_COLOR = CONFIG_FBCON_BG_COLOR; // Dark blue
// ── Console state ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
//
// All mutable state lives in one struct so callers can reason about it as
// a unit and we avoid scattered bare globals.
#pragma message("when i add drivers abstract, move it to another console interface and use framebuffer as driver")
struct Console {
public:
uint32_t* fb = nullptr; // Framebuffer base (as 32-bit pixels)
uint32_t width = 0; // Pixels per row
uint32_t height = 0; // Rows in pixels
uint32_t pitch = 0; // Bytes per scanline (>= width * 4)
uint32_t col = 0; // Cursor column in character cells
uint32_t row = 0; // Cursor row in character cells
bool is_bgr = false;
// C++23 multi-dimensional subscript: direct reference to pixel (x, y).
// pitch is in bytes; each pixel is 4 bytes. No bounds checking — callers
// must validate coordinates before calling (put_pixel does this).
[[nodiscard]] uint32_t& operator[](uint32_t x, uint32_t y) noexcept {
auto* row_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(
reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(fb) + static_cast<uintptr_t>(y) * pitch);
return row_ptr[x];
}
};
static Console g_con{};
// ── Minimal 8x16 bitmap font (ASCII 32–126) ───────────────────────────────
// Each character is 16 bytes (one byte per row, 8 pixels wide).
// We store a blank (space) for anything outside the range.
// clang-format off
static const uint8_t g_font[][16] = {
// 32: space
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 33: !
{0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3C,0x3C,0x3C,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 34: "
{0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x24,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 35: #
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x6C,0x6C,0xFE,0x6C,0x6C,0xFE,0x6C,0x6C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 36: $
{0x00,0x10,0x10,0x7C,0xD6,0xD0,0x7C,0x16,0xD6,0x7C,0x10,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 37: %
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC2,0xC6,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xC6,0x86,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 38: &
{0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6C,0x6C,0x38,0x76,0xDC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 39: '
{0x00,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 40: (
{0x00,0x00,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x18,0x0C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 41: )
{0x00,0x00,0x30,0x18,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 42: *
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0x3C,0xFF,0x3C,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 43: +
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x7E,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 44: ,
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 45: -
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 46: .
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 47: /
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x02,0x06,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xC0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 48-57: 0-9
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0xCE,0xDE,0xF6,0xE6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x18,0x38,0x78,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0x06,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xC0,0xC6,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0x06,0x06,0x3C,0x06,0x06,0x06,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x0C,0x1C,0x3C,0x6C,0xCC,0xFE,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x1E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xC0,0xC0,0xC0,0xFC,0x06,0x06,0x06,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x38,0x60,0xC0,0xC0,0xFC,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xC6,0x06,0x06,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7E,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x0C,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 58: :
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 59: ;
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 60: <
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x06,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0C,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 61: =
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x7E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 62: >
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0C,0x06,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 63: ?
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0x0C,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 64: @
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0xDE,0xDE,0xDE,0xDC,0xC0,0xC0,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 65-90: A-Z
{0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6C,0xC6,0xC6,0xFE,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7C,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xFC,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x66,0xC2,0xC0,0xC0,0xC0,0xC0,0xC2,0x66,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x6C,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x6C,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x66,0x62,0x68,0x78,0x68,0x60,0x62,0x66,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x66,0x62,0x68,0x78,0x68,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x66,0xC2,0xC0,0xC0,0xDE,0xC6,0xC6,0x66,0x3A,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xFE,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xE6,0x66,0x66,0x6C,0x78,0x78,0x6C,0x66,0x66,0xE6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x62,0x66,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xEE,0xFE,0xFE,0xD6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xE6,0xF6,0xFE,0xDE,0xCE,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7C,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xD6,0xDE,0x7C,0x0C,0x0E,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFC,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7C,0x6C,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xE6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0x60,0x38,0x0C,0x06,0xC6,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xDB,0x99,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x6C,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xD6,0xD6,0xD6,0xFE,0xEE,0x6C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xC6,0x6C,0x7C,0x38,0x38,0x7C,0x6C,0xC6,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0x78,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xC6,0x86,0x0C,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xC2,0xC6,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 91: [
{0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 92: backslash
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xC0,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0C,0x06,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 93: ]
{0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x0C,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 94: ^
{0x10,0x38,0x6C,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 95: _
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 96: `
{0x00,0x30,0x18,0x0C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 97-122: a-z
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x78,0x0C,0x7C,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x60,0x60,0x78,0x6C,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC0,0xC0,0xC0,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x0C,0x0C,0x3C,0x6C,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xFE,0xC0,0xC0,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6C,0x64,0x60,0xF0,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0x7C,0x0C,0xCC,0x78,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x60,0x60,0x6C,0x76,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xE6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x0E,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x66,0x66,0x3C,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x60,0x60,0x66,0x6C,0x78,0x78,0x6C,0x66,0xE6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xEC,0xFE,0xD6,0xD6,0xD6,0xD6,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xDC,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xDC,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7C,0x60,0x60,0xF0,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0x7C,0x0C,0x0C,0x1E,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xDC,0x76,0x66,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7C,0xC6,0x60,0x38,0x0C,0xC6,0x7C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x10,0x30,0x30,0xFC,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x36,0x1C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0xCC,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x6C,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xC6,0xD6,0xD6,0xD6,0xFE,0x6C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC6,0x6C,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x6C,0xC6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0xC6,0x7E,0x06,0x0C,0xF8,0x00},
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0xCC,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xC6,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 123: {
{0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x70,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 124: |
{0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 125: }
{0x00,0x00,0x70,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x0E,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
// 126: ~
{0x00,0x00,0x76,0xDC,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00},
};
// clang-format on
static constexpr int FONT_FIRST = 32;
static constexpr int FONT_LAST = 126;
// ── Pixel helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
static void put_pixel(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t rgb) noexcept {
if (x >= g_con.width || y >= g_con.height) return;
// Swap R and B channels if the framebuffer uses BGR layout.
const uint32_t color = g_con.is_bgr
? ((rgb & 0xFFu) << 16) | (rgb & 0xFF00u) | ((rgb >> 16) & 0xFFu)
: rgb;
g_con[x, y] = color; // C++23 multi-dimensional subscript
}
// ── Scroll the screen up by one character row ──────────────────────────────
static void scroll() noexcept {
const uint32_t shift = CHAR_H * g_con.pitch;
const uint32_t total = g_con.height * g_con.pitch;
auto* const fb_bytes = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(g_con.fb);
// Shift everything up by CHAR_H rows (raw byte memmove equivalent).
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < total - shift; ++i)
fb_bytes[i] = fb_bytes[i + shift];
// Fill the newly exposed bottom rows with the background color.
for (uint32_t row = g_con.height - CHAR_H; row < g_con.height; ++row)
for (uint32_t col = 0; col < g_con.width; ++col)
put_pixel(col, row, BG_COLOR);
}
// ── Render a glyph at character-cell position (col, row) ──────────────────
static void render_char(uint32_t col, uint32_t row, char c) noexcept {
// Treat char as unsigned to avoid negative indices for high-ASCII.
int idx = static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) - FONT_FIRST;
if (idx < 0 || idx > (FONT_LAST - FONT_FIRST)) idx = 0; // fall back to space
const uint32_t px = col * CHAR_W;
const uint32_t py = row * CHAR_H;
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < CHAR_H; ++y) {
const uint8_t bits = g_font[idx][y];
for (uint32_t x = 0; x < CHAR_W; ++x) {
const uint32_t color = (bits & (0x80u >> x)) ? FG_COLOR : BG_COLOR;
put_pixel(px + x, py + y, color);
}
}
}
// ── Public API ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
void init(const FramebufferInfo& fb) {
g_con.fb = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(fb.base);
g_con.width = fb.width;
g_con.height = fb.height;
g_con.pitch = fb.pitch;
g_con.is_bgr = (fb.format == PixelFormat::BGR);
g_con.col = 0;
g_con.row = 0;
clear();
}
void clear() {
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < g_con.height; ++y)
for (uint32_t x = 0; x < g_con.width; ++x)
put_pixel(x, y, BG_COLOR);
g_con.col = 0;
g_con.row = 0;
}
void putchar(char c) {
const uint32_t max_cols = g_con.width / CHAR_W;
const uint32_t max_rows = g_con.height / CHAR_H;
if (c == '\n') {
g_con.col = 0;
++g_con.row;
} else if (c == '\r') {
g_con.col = 0;
} else if (c == '\t') {
// Advance to the next TAB_WIDTH-aligned column.
g_con.col = (g_con.col + TAB_WIDTH) & ~(TAB_WIDTH - 1u);
} else {
render_char(g_con.col, g_con.row, c);
++g_con.col;
}
if (g_con.col >= max_cols) {
g_con.col = 0;
++g_con.row;
}
if (g_con.row >= max_rows) {
scroll();
g_con.row = max_rows - 1;
}
}
void puts(const char* s) {
if (!s) return;
while (*s) putchar(*s++);
}
void println(const char* s) {
puts(s);
putchar('\n');
}
void put_hex(uint64_t val) {
puts("0x");
bool leading = true;
for (int i = 60; i >= 0; i -= 4) {
const uint8_t nibble = static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> i) & 0xFu);
if (nibble == 0 && leading && i > 0) continue;
leading = false;
putchar(nibble < 10 ? '0' + nibble : 'A' + nibble - 10);
}
if (leading) putchar('0');
}
void put_dec(uint64_t val) {
if (val == 0) { putchar('0'); return; }
char buf[20];
int len = 0;
while (val > 0) {
buf[len++] = static_cast<char>('0' + val % 10);
val /= 10;
}
for (int j = len - 1; j >= 0; --j) putchar(buf[j]);
}
void kprintf(const char* fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
while (*fmt) {
if (*fmt != '%') {
putchar(*fmt++);
continue;
}
++fmt; // skip '%'
switch (*fmt) {
case 's': {
const char* s = va_arg(args, const char*);
puts(s ? s : "(null)");
break;
}
case 'd': {
int64_t v = va_arg(args, int64_t);
if (v < 0) { putchar('-'); v = -v; }
put_dec(static_cast<uint64_t>(v));
break;
}
case 'u': {
put_dec(va_arg(args, uint64_t));
break;
}
case 'x':
case 'p': {
put_hex(va_arg(args, uint64_t));
break;
}
case '%':
putchar('%');
break;
case '\0':
goto done;
default:
putchar('%');
putchar(*fmt);
break;
}
++fmt;
}
done:
va_end(args);
}
} // namespace kcon
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